Quality Circles

Meaning

• Voluntary groups of employees who work on similar tasks or share an area of responsibility.
• They agree to meet on a regular basis to discuss & solve problems related to work.
• They operate on the principle that employees' participation in decision-making and problem-solving improves the quality of work.
• Quality circles are teams meant to improve operating processes and thereby increasing efficiency of the organizational functioning.
• Making the management more participative and democratic.
• Small groups of employees meeting on a regular basis within an organization for the purpose of discussing and developing management issues and procedures .
• Quality circles are established with management approval and can be important in implementing new procedures.
• Ensure participation of all members of an organization in improving processes, products, services, and the culture in which they work.
  Quality circles Within the school

• A group of administrators
• A group of subject teachers
• A group of student council
• A group of parents
• A group of supervisors
• A group of principals
• A group of parents of low achievers
  How Do Quality Circles Work?

• Volunteers
• Set Rules and Priorities
• Decisions made by Consensus
• Use of organized approaches to Problem-Solving
  

National schools

Navodaya Vidyalayas
The National Policy on Education 1986 envisaged establishment of a Navodaya Vidyalaya in each District of the country.Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti is an Autonomous Organisation which has been set up to establish and manage co-educational, residential school covering VI to XII known as Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas.

Objectives of Navodaya Vidyalayas
ØTo provide good quality modern education to the talented children predominantly from the rural areas without regard to their families socio-economic conditions;
ØTo ensure that all students of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas attain a reasonable level of competence in three languages as envisaged in the three language formula;
ØTo serve, in each district, as focal points for improvements in quality of school education through sharing of experiences and facilities.

Policies of Navodaya Vidyalayas
ØNavodaya Vidyalayas are fully residential and co-educational schools covering classes VI toXII.
ØEducation in the Vidyalayas is free for all enrolled students including lodging, boarding, text
books, uniforms etc.
ØThe Vidyalayas seek to promote and develop talented, bright and gifted children
predominantly from rural areas who may otherwise be denied good educational opportunities.
ØAdmission to Vidyalayas is made at the class VI level through open test conducted at District
level by CBSE. About 32,000 students are admitted every year.
Ø70% is reserved for the children of rural area. 30% reserved for girls.
ØThese Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas are affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary
Education(CBSE) and impart the CBSE curricula.
ØNavodaya Vidyalaya Samiti through its eight Regional Offices ensures all round development of the personality of the children by providing good academic guidance apart from input in other non-scholastic areas by providing good facilities for sports, NCC, Scouts & Guides, adventure activities and computer education etc.
One of the salient features of the Navodaya Vidyalaya Scheme is migration under which 30% of children studying in class IX from a Navodaya Vidyalaya in a Hindi belt gets shifted for studies to a Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya of non-Hindi area and vise-versa and thus helps to promote national integration.
ØIn order to ensure good quality of education in the vidyalayas, Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti
organises continuous pre-service and in service training of teachers in collaboration with higher
institutes of learning in the country such as NCERT, NIEPA, RIE etc. The training wing of the
samiti looks after these programmes which include the following features
ØIdentification of the needs of the Navodaya Vidyalaya teachers and accordingly,
the organisation of various types of in-service courses for them.
ØDevelopment of curriculum enrichment material for in service courses as well as for reinforcing
actual classroom teaching.
ØDevelopment of effective low cost teaching aids and acquainting teachers with the latest
educational technology.
ØEncouragement & coordination of innovative practices, action research, experimentation,
survey projects etc. in the areas of the Navodaya Vidyalaya System.

Kendriya Vidyalayas

Kendriya Vidyalayas are run by the Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, an autonomous body under the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India established on 15th December 1965.

Objectives of Kendriya Vidyalayas
To cater to the educational needs of the children of transferable Central Government
Employees including Defense and Para-military personnel by providing a common
program of education.
To pursue excellence and set pace in the field of school education.
To initiate and promote experimentation and innovation in education in collaboration
with other bodies like the CBSE, NCERT.
To develop the spirit of national integration and create a sense of Indian ness
among children.

Policies of Kendriya Vidyalayas
Generally established at places having sizeable concentration of transferable central government or civil sector and in the campuses of the institutions of higher learning and Public Sector Undertakings.
Giving preference to the children of transferable Central Government Employees including Defense and Para-military personnel in giving admissions.
Instruction is imparted through the media of Hindi and English. The ultimate objective is to enable the pupil to achieve proficiency in both the languages.
Following the same text books and Syllabi to follow a common program of education.
Education up to class VIII is free, However tuition fee at varying rates are chargeable from the students of classes IX to X
100 % free education is given to single girl child having no brother or sister with effect from 01-01-2006.

International schools

Objectives of International schools

The major objective of international schools is to prepare high school students for entering into college programmes in foreign countries mainly U.K. ,U.S.A and Australia
To provide education at par with global standards
To prepare students according to the standards prevailing in to the most advanced countries including India

Preparing students for the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), Cambridge University's International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) and the International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB) Examinations programmes


The International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Programme is administered by the University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) for the Secondary Level Education. It is firmly established and recognized worldwide. Students in over 150 countries pursue the CIE qualifications.

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP)is administered by the International Baccalaureate Organization, Geneva.It is a demanding two-year pre-university course or post secondary course.Leading universities throughout the world recognize the IB Diploma for admission to undergraduate programmes.It also administers
Primary Years Programme(PYP)
Middle Years Programme (MYP)

Features of International schools

provide education through English as medium of instruction
provide education from Kindergarten to class XI
provide a child-friendly program, with its small class size and personalized attention, provides each child with the tools required to reach their academic potential.
conduct a wide variety of activities for holistic development of the children
provide an access to quality education
generally having excellent infrastructure facilities
give a wider choice to its students as they can seek admission to universities in India as well as abroad.

The school's college counseling section helps students make informed educational and career choices, by providing guidance on admission requirements, university expectations and admission tests.

Admissions Committee members from prestigious universities overseas visit the school to familiarize students with their admission requirements, subject offerings, co-curricular opportunities, and campus life.

Academic Management

School as an academic institution
Creating academic climate and maintaining it
Creating dynamic learning environment for all stakeholders
Striving for academic excellence
Principal as an academic leader
Schools have academic advisor or academic consultant to guide its academic activities
Syllabus reviewing & upgrading
Introducing new subjects
Reviewing & upgrading teaching learning process
Reviewing & upgrading lesson planning
Planning academic calendar
Organizing curricular and co-curricular activities such as debate , seminar, literary events etc
Participation in inter-collegiate school events
Conducting entrance tests for admissions
Achieving 100 % result
Planning for revisions and school tests
Promoting wholistic learning –encouraging learning across curriculum
Remedial programmes for slow learners and low achievers
Providing expert academic guidance to teachers
Organizing guest lectures to provide more enriched inputs
Organizing academic forums in schools such as reading club, creativity group
Ensuring professional development of school teachers
Promoting research activities in school academics
Carrying out reflective processes to review and enhance quality of academic processes of school
Organizing career guidance programmes for students
Reviewing and upgrading learning resources of the school E.g Library
Making such resources accessible and ensuring its effective use
Promoting exchange of teachers and students with other schools
Organizing programmes for Parents in improving child’s performance in academics

Unit-1 Scope of school Management-

Management of Men

Recruitment
Selection
Employment legislation
Discipline
Development
Reward systems
Training
Trade Unions
Productivity
Motivation

Development of Core teaching skills
Domain knowledge
Awareness of cognitive theory and its implementation
Management of students
Management of time and resources
Productivity and efficiency
Developing leaders within the school
Communication skills
Organizational skills
Interpersonal skills
Awareness of the big picture
Developing visionaries –global school education

Management of Money

Sources of income
Probable expenditure - Budgeting
Allocation of money as per the priority list
Reservation of funds for meeting any unexpected expenditure
Maintaining and regular auditing of the accounts
Delegating powers to spend the money
Creating funds for the schools
Making the system self reliant
Envisioning future expenditure and creating sources for the same

Management of Material

Making material resources available as per the needs
Allocating resources as per the need
Ensuring effective utilization of the resources
Making provisions for resource mobilization
Carrying out maintaining of the resources
Using resources for fund generation
Training people in making use of resources
Envisioning the resources needed in future and plan for the same

Management of relationships with stakeholders

Involving parents, teachers, students and alumni in management of the school
Take into consideration their views, suggestions, comments for effective management
Cooperating with the government officials and proving them all the necessary help
Involving community members in activities of the school
Keeping all the stakeholders informed about the activities of the school

Management of Quality

Creating awareness and understanding about quality school education
Deciding quality parameters related to various aspects of school such as result, participation in co-curricular activities etc.
Periodic review of all activities of the school
Introducing performance analysis system for all employees
Creating strong feedback system

Management of change
Creation and management of an image of the school
Creation and Management of academic climate
Creation and Management of effective administration

Systems in school
Curricular systems
Students systems
Financial systems
Staff systems
Administrative system

Significance of school management

Very existence
Vision .mission and goals of the school
Laying down policies , rules and regulations
Planning school activities
Financial support
Direction and control
Creating an image of a school
Promoting innovations –new processes and practices
Professional development of school personnel
Ensuring communication to all its stakeholders
Overall success of the school

Public-private partnership (PPP) for establishing and managing schools

Public-private partnership (PPP) a fashionable slogan in new development strategies, particularly over the last couple of decades.
To tap private resources and to encourage the active participation of the private sector in national development.
public resources are projected to be inadequate to meet needs-so to utilize the private sector’s assets
PPP already being adopted in several infrastructure development sectors, such as the development of airports, railways, roads, and so on.
The policy initiatives are no longer confined to these; they are being extended to human development sectors such as education and health.

PPP in Education

PPP has been proposed as an important strategy in the Eleventh Five Year Plan.
Setting up of 6,000 new model schools in secondary education, affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education. Of these, 2500 are to be under the PPP model.
The intention is to set up these schools in the backward regions and remote areas where good schooling facilities do not exist, so that quality education is accessible in the backward regions as well.

The Planning Commission in consultation with the private sector, these schools will be set up by 2014 and will have the capacity to educate 65 lakh students.
25 lakh will be from the deprived sections.
Each school will have about 2,500 students
1,000 of whom will be from deprived sections and charged a token fee.
50 % of 1,000 students will be from the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the Other Backward Classes paying a monthly fee of Rs.25 each.
The rest of the children, who will be from other deprived sections — non-income tax paying families — will be required to pay a fee of Rs.50 a month .

The remaining costs of these students, estimated to be Rs.1,000 to Rs.1,200 a head per month, will be reimbursed by the Union government to the schools. It is estimated that the government will have to pay Rs.10,500 crore until 2017. The amount is likely to go up with escalating prices, in general, and increasing costs of education, in particular.
Over and above this, the schools may get access to relevant funds from the Centre and the State governments under different schemes. The schools will be free to admit anyone to the remaining 1,500 seats and charge any amount of fee.

Corporate companies with a minimum net worth of Rs.25 lakh are eligible to set up schools under this model.
Each entity should deposit Rs.50 lakh with the government for the first school it proposes to set up, and Rs.25 lakh per additional school.
Each can set up as many as 25 schools. Non-profit companies with prior experience in education need to deposit Rs.25 lakh for each school. The schools will need to have the sort of infrastructure available in the best private schools.

Questions to ponder over....

Will this PPP model be useful ? How ?
What would be unexpected outcomes of implementation of such model?
Is there any other model already available? Find out.
Is government withdrawing its hands from providing educational facilities to people ?

Read More ……

http://www.education.nic.in/
http://beta.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/article437492.ece?homepage=true