The structural approach was essentially used for teaching English as the foreign language. The structure approach is based on the following principles:
1. Importance of speech: In language learning, speech is more important than reading and writing, the reason of this is that language is learnt orally first. Moreover, speech becomes fundamental acquiring other skills like reading and writing. In this approach, speech is given more importance.
2. Formation of Language Habits: Structural Approach emphasizes on the fact that language learning is a habit formation process. Here a lot of drill work is given to the learners. The students are provided a lot of practice in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Thus the structures are well fixed up in the minds of the learners.
3. Pupil’s Activity: The students are expected to be very active. In this approach, pupil’s activity is given more importance as compared to teachers; it is believed that the best teaching takes place if both the teacher and the students are actively involved in it. This approach takes care of it.
4. Mastery of Structures: One structure is taken up as the teaching points. It’s listening, speaking, reading and writing practice is given to the learners step by step. The more aural-oral practice is given to the learners for better result. Thus mastery of structures results in effective language learning
5. Meaningful Situations: The teacher is expected to create meaningful situations. The different types of meaningful situation can be created by facial expressions, demonstration and action. This makes the teacher’s work interesting.
1. Importance of speech: In language learning, speech is more important than reading and writing, the reason of this is that language is learnt orally first. Moreover, speech becomes fundamental acquiring other skills like reading and writing. In this approach, speech is given more importance.
2. Formation of Language Habits: Structural Approach emphasizes on the fact that language learning is a habit formation process. Here a lot of drill work is given to the learners. The students are provided a lot of practice in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Thus the structures are well fixed up in the minds of the learners.
3. Pupil’s Activity: The students are expected to be very active. In this approach, pupil’s activity is given more importance as compared to teachers; it is believed that the best teaching takes place if both the teacher and the students are actively involved in it. This approach takes care of it.
4. Mastery of Structures: One structure is taken up as the teaching points. It’s listening, speaking, reading and writing practice is given to the learners step by step. The more aural-oral practice is given to the learners for better result. Thus mastery of structures results in effective language learning
5. Meaningful Situations: The teacher is expected to create meaningful situations. The different types of meaningful situation can be created by facial expressions, demonstration and action. This makes the teacher’s work interesting.
The structural approach has basic assumption that the language is a set of systems of structures, so if these structures are mastered through drill and practice in meaningful communication, language will be learnt. The structures in Sanskrit are all different types of nouns, verbs, indeclinable, declensions of nouns, sentence pattern, compound words etc.
Gradation of Structures:
The students are taught structures of language from simple to complex. When the structural syllabus is prepared, the structures are graded from simple to difficult ones.
The structural syllabus and approach is followed by NGO like Sanskrit Bharati for teaching people speaking Sanskrit. It is called Sanskrit sambhashana. The structures are graded in their syllabus as follows;
Lesson. No. 1
Structures : Bhavatah/bhavtyaha naam kim?
Lesson 2. Eshaha /saha
Lesson .3 Eshaa/shaa
Leson.4 Etat/tat
Lesson .5 Eshaha kah?
Lesson .6 Eshaa kaa?
Lesson .7 Etat/tat kim ?
lesson.8 Kaha /kau/ke and so on
Lesson .3 Eshaa/shaa
Leson.4 Etat/tat
Lesson .5 Eshaha kah?
Lesson .6 Eshaa kaa?
Lesson .7 Etat/tat kim ?
lesson.8 Kaha /kau/ke and so on
The structures are taught by using them in conversation. First of all the use of the structure is demonstrated by the teacher by using it in the sentence. The teacher asks students to repeat the sentences for practice. The students are expected to make use of those structures in their own creative sentences.
The Advantages of the Structural Approach:
· The students remain active throughout in the teaching learning
process.
· It helps the students to acquire fluency in their spoken English.
· It makes the students creative learners. They are able to think a large
number of sentences of similar types.
· The students are able to understand the subject matter fully because
teaching is conducted by creating meaningful situations.
· The learners are able to retain the subject matter in their minds for a
longer time because they learn through situations.
· Learning of the language takes place in a natural way because the
students have listening and speaking first followed by reading and
writing,
· It helps the learner to have good command over the language.
· It enables the students to have good pronunciation. Whenever a
student mispronounces a word, there is immediate check by the
teacher.
· Language learning becomes a habit with the student. So the learner
is able to speak or write without any stress or strain.
· The different skills of teaching learning the language are equally
emphasized. So the students are good in all the skills. i.e.: listening,
speaking, reading and writing.
· Structural approach helps all the students of the class to learn the
language well. Even the slow learners and the backward children are
benefited.
The Disadvantages of the Structural Approach:
· In structural approach, the learners have to be given a lot of
practice.This type of teaching might make the process of teaching
learning dull and mechanical for a few learners.
· Teaching by structural approach requires the services of really
competent and hard working teachers. But there is dearth of this
type of teachers in our country.
· Teaching by structural approach will be successful only if we have
structurally graded syllabus.Now when the emphasis is on communicative approach, structural approach cannot be given more importance and weightage.
The Advantages of the Structural Approach:
· The students remain active throughout in the teaching learning
process.
· It helps the students to acquire fluency in their spoken English.
· It makes the students creative learners. They are able to think a large
number of sentences of similar types.
· The students are able to understand the subject matter fully because
teaching is conducted by creating meaningful situations.
· The learners are able to retain the subject matter in their minds for a
longer time because they learn through situations.
· Learning of the language takes place in a natural way because the
students have listening and speaking first followed by reading and
writing,
· It helps the learner to have good command over the language.
· It enables the students to have good pronunciation. Whenever a
student mispronounces a word, there is immediate check by the
teacher.
· Language learning becomes a habit with the student. So the learner
is able to speak or write without any stress or strain.
· The different skills of teaching learning the language are equally
emphasized. So the students are good in all the skills. i.e.: listening,
speaking, reading and writing.
· Structural approach helps all the students of the class to learn the
language well. Even the slow learners and the backward children are
benefited.
The Disadvantages of the Structural Approach:
· In structural approach, the learners have to be given a lot of
practice.This type of teaching might make the process of teaching
learning dull and mechanical for a few learners.
· Teaching by structural approach requires the services of really
competent and hard working teachers. But there is dearth of this
type of teachers in our country.
· Teaching by structural approach will be successful only if we have
structurally graded syllabus.Now when the emphasis is on communicative approach, structural approach cannot be given more importance and weightage.
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Thanks for information
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